What condition involves the swelling and tenderness of joints?

The condition that involves swelling and tenderness of the joints is arthritis. Arthritis is an umbrella term for a variety of conditions that cause inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. The most common types include osteoarthritis, which occurs due to aging or wear and tear on the joints, and rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition that attacks the joint lining.

In contrast, arteriosclerosis is a condition involving the thickening and hardening of the arteries, which does not directly affect joint health. Asthma is a respiratory condition that affects the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing, and is unrelated to joint swelling. Apnea refers to a temporary cessation of breathing, typically during sleep, and again does not connect to joint-related issues.

Therefore, arthritis stands out as the condition specifically associated with the symptoms of joint swelling and tenderness.