What does the term 'sundowning' refer to in a clinical setting?

Sundowning refers to a phenomenon often observed in individuals with dementia or other cognitive impairments, where they exhibit increased confusion, agitation, or behavioral issues that typically worsen during the evening hours. This condition can lead to disorientation and difficulty with communication as darkness falls, making it challenging for caregivers and family members to effectively engage with the individual.

While preparing for sleep and energy levels at night are related to daily rhythms, they do not capture the essence of this specific behavior. Likewise, cognitive decline in the morning does not correlate with sundowning, as this term specifically refers to the late-afternoon and evening period. Understanding sundowning is essential for caregivers, as it allows them to anticipate challenging behaviors and implement strategies to mitigate evening confusion, ensuring a more peaceful environment for those affected.