Which is a primary preventive measure against infection?

Regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces is a primary preventive measure against infection because it helps to eliminate pathogens that could potentially spread illness. By maintaining a clean environment, the risk of microbial contamination is significantly reduced, which is crucial in preventing the spread of infections, particularly in healthcare settings where vulnerable populations are present.

Cleaning surfaces removes dirt and organic matter, while disinfection further reduces the number of microorganisms, effectively breaking the chain of infection. This is especially important in places like hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes, where the presence of infections can lead to outbreaks or complications for patients with weakened immune systems.

The other options, while important in healthcare, serve different roles. Consistent medication administration helps manage existing health issues rather than preventing new infections. Monitoring vital signs is critical in identifying the presence of illness but does not directly prevent infections. Encouraging fluid intake is vital for maintaining overall health and hydration but has a limited role in infection prevention compared to the direct impact cleaning and disinfecting surfaces have on eliminating pathogens.